Arbitral Award

The Supreme Court holds that a land acquisition arbitral award cannot be set aside wholesale merely because some beneficiaries were accused of collusion. Awards must be annulled only on individual, fact-specific findings.

The Supreme Court holds that BOCW cess qualifies as subsequent legislation under NHAI contracts where statutory machinery was absent at the bid stage, reinforcing arbitral autonomy and limits on judicial interference.

Supreme Court reaffirms the scope of arbitration, upholding an award on joint liability in a landmark judgment for legal professionals.